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| Medical Education: | Yale University - First in Class 1961-1965 |
| Internship: | Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 1965-1966 |
| Residency: | Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, NYD, 1966-1970 |
| Residency Type: | Ophthalmology |
| Fellowship: | Retinal Physiology, University of NY, Ph.D. |
| Fellowship Type: | Retina |
| Board Certification: | American Board of Ophthalmology |
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